ABSTRACT
Embryo implantation is one of the most critical steps in the reproductive process. The failure of embryo implantation to continue development is one of the important reasons leading to infertility. The success of embryo implantation depends on the high receptivity of endometrium and the embryo with implantation ability. Autophagy is a process in which cytoplasm， organelles， and inclusions are absorbed by double-membrane vesicles and transported to lysosomes for degradation and recycling， which is a way to maintain the homeostasis. A large amount of evidence have shown that autophagy plays an important role in all aspects of embryo implantation. Based on this， this paper explored the relationship between autophagy and endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation ability. According to the latest research progress， this paper combed 5 mechanisms （promotion of decidualization of endometrial stromal cells， promotion of apoptosis， regulation of hormone levels， coordination of inflammation， and promotion of ovulation） of 14 kinds of Chinese medicine monomers， including emodin， catalpol， paeoniflorin， resveratrol， folic acid， zearalenone， curcumin， wogonin， quercetin， chrysin， berberine， apigenin， phisetine， and kaempferol， in regulating different links of autophagy intervention in embryo implantation. This paper is expected to provide references and ideas for future Chinese medicine monomers to improve the success rate of embryo implantation.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The construction of public sports does not only improve the sports performance of college students, but also improves the health level of students. At present, the achievements of public sports construction in colleges and universities are not good, and the reasons for hindering the improvement of students' physical health are more complex. In order to explore the problems existing in the construction of public sports in colleges and universities, this study used literature survey, the Delphi method, questionnaire survey and factor analysis to analyze the health impact mechanism of college students, and carried out intervention research according to analysis results. Factor analysis was used to extract the students' factors, school factors, parents' factors and social factors from the 30 influencing factors in the questionnaire and, through empirical analysis, it summed up the students' health influence mechanism, such as learning pressure, physical education curriculum, family health attention and so on. In view of the main influencing factors, the targeted intervention, including improving the students' and parents' awareness of physical exercise and enhancing the load of physical education curriculum in colleges and universities is designed. Before and after the intervention, students' sprint and long-distance running tests show that students' physical fitness has been significantly improved, and the intervention results show that targeted intervention can promote the healthy development of college students. It is expected that this study can strengthen the level of public sports construction in colleges and universities, so as to improve students' physical quality.
RESUMO A construção de esportes públicos não só melhora o desempenho esportivo dos estudantes universitários, como também melhora o nível de saúde desses estudantes. Atualmente, as instalações esportivas em faculdades e universidades não são boas, e as razões para impedir a melhoria da saúde física dos estudantes são mais complexas. A fim de explorar os problemas existentes na construção de esportes públicos em faculdades e universidades, este estudo utilizou o método da literatura, o método Delphi, o método de levantamento por questionários e o método de análise de fatores para analisar o mecanismo de impacto na saúde dos estudantes universitários, e realizou pesquisas de intervenção de acordo com os resultados da análise. A análise de fatores foi usada para extrair os fatores dos alunos, fatores escolares, fatores dos pais e fatores sociais dos trinta fatores que influenciam o questionário, e através de análise empírica, resumiu-se o mecanismo de influência da saúde dos alunos, como pressão na aprendizagem, carga curricular de educação física, atenção à saúde familiar e assim por diante. Tendo em conta os principais fatores influenciadores, concebeu-se a intervenção visada, incluindo a melhoria da conscientização dos estudantes e dos pais para o exercício físico e o reforço da carga dos programas de educação física nas faculdades e universidades. Antes e depois da intervenção, o teste de sprint e de longa distância dos estudantes mostra que a aptidão física dos estudantes foi significativamente melhorada, e os resultados da intervenção mostram que a intervenção orientada pode promover o desenvolvimento saudável dos estudantes universitários. Espera-se que este estudo possa reforçar o nível de concepção dos serviços de públicos esportivos em faculdades e universidades, de modo a melhorar a qualidade física dos estudantes.
RESUMEN La instalación de deportes públicos no solo mejora el rendimiento deportivo de los estudiantes universitarios, sino que también mejora el nivel de salud de los estudiantes. En la actualidad, los logros de la instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades no son buenos y las razones que obstaculizan la mejora de la salud física de los estudiantes son más complejas. Con el fin de explorar los problemas existentes en la instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades, este estudio utilizó la revisión de literatura, el método Delphi, la encuesta de cuestionario y el análisis factorial para analizar el mecanismo de impacto en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios, y llevó a cabo una investigación de intervención según los resultados de los análisis. Se utilizó el análisis factorial para extraer los factores de los estudiantes, los factores escolares, los factores de los padres y los factores sociales de los 30 factores de influencia del cuestionario y, a través del análisis empírico, se resumió el mecanismo de influencia de la salud de los estudiantes, como la presión de aprendizaje, plan de estudios de educación, atención de salud familiar, etc. Teniendo en cuenta los principales factores que influyen, se diseñó la intervención dirigida, incluida la mejora de la conciencia de los estudiantes y los padres sobre el ejercicio físico y la mejora de la carga del plan de estudios de educación física en los colegios y universidades. Antes y después de la intervención, las pruebas de carrera de velocidad y de larga distancia de los estudiantes muestran que la condición física de los estudiantes ha mejorado significativamente, y los resultados de la intervención muestran que la intervención dirigida puede promover el desarrollo saludable de los estudiantes universitarios. Se espera que este estudio pueda fortalecer el nivel de instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades, de manera que mejore la calidad física de los estudiantes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sports , Students , Universities , Health Status , Public Sector , Surveys and Questionnaires , MotivationABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of obesity before pregnancy and excessive weight gain during pregnancy on the characteristics of offspring metabolism and the underlying mechanism.Methods:Pregnant women who delivered from April 2016 to December 2018 in Jiaxing Xiuzhou District Maternal and Child Health Hospital after providing written informed consent and their singleton newborns were considered for recruitment for this study. Finally, 2000 pregnant women and their newborns were included in this study. These pregnant women were divided into study control ( n = 1 576, normal body weight) and ( n = 424, overweight) groups according to their body mass before and during pregnancy. The levels of leptin, blood lipid, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, long form of leptin receptor (OB-Rb), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene expression, insulin resistance index, and insulin sensitivity index were compared between the control and study groups. Results:The body mass index before pregnancy and body mass during pregnancy in the study group were (30.91 ± 1.86) kg/m 2 and (21.25 ± 2.61) kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(26.87 ± 1.05) kg/m 2, (14.57 ± 1.36) kg, t = 7.972, P = 0.013; t = 9.786, P = 0.001]. The levels of leptin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the study group were (1.23 ± 0.29) ng/mL, (0.65 ± 0.16) mmol/L, (1.40 ± 0.24) mmol/L, (0.76 ± 0.13) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(0.63 ± 0.11) ng/mL, (0.38 ± 0.16) mmol/L, (1.13 ± 0.32) mmol/L, (0.56 ± 0.09) mmol/L, t = 7.701, P = 0.010; t = 7.329, P = 0.019; t = 5.734, P = 0.030; t = 9.387, P = 0.001]. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.26 ± 0.17) mmol/L vs. (1.75 ± 0.26) mmol/L, t = 8.072, P = 0.008]. The expression of SOCS3 mRNA and OB-Rb mRNA in newborns from the study group was (1.44 ± 0.29) and (1.33 ± 0.39), respectively, which was significantly greater than that in the control group [(0.33 ± 0.19), (0.50 ± 0.21), t = 9.987, P < 0.001; t = 11.037, P < 0.001]. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels as well as insulin resistance index in the study group were (22.06 ± 3.94) mmol/L, (20.02 ± 4.61) mU/L, (19.79 ± 6.29) respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(11.73 ± 2.92) mmol/L, (13.31 ± 3.43) mU/L, (6.96 ± 2.52), t = 8.133, P = 0.001; t = 4.498, P = 0.027; t = 7.352, P = 0.002]. Insulin sensitivity index in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(-6.07 ± 0.32) vs. (-4.98 ± 0.37), t = 8.244, P < 0.001]. Conclusion:Obesity before pregnancy and excessive weight gain during pregnancy will increase the expression of SOCS3 mRNA and further affect the expression of STAT3-SOCS3-leptin/insulin signaling pathway in offspring.